Participants were invited via e-mail to fill in an online questionnaire about communication at work. (2015). They are, however, highly similar to bivariate correlations displayed in Table 1. Validating their view of the social world and gaining information through gossip is likely to help the individual to form a map of their social environment and their position within that social environment in the long run (Suls, 1977; Baumeister et al., 2004; Foster, 2004; De Backer et al., 2007; Sommerfeld et al., 2007; Martinescu et al., 2014). You feel violated and resentful. People who do not like a person will typically seek out other people who share a mutual dislike for the same person. To measure reasons to gossip the English version of Motives to Gossip Questionnaire (Beersma and Van Kleef, 2012) was translated into German using the parallel blind technique (Behling and Law, 2000). People tend to think of gossip as synonymous with malicious rumors, put-downs or the breathless propagation of a tabloid scoop. Of course, talking about other peoples lives isnt always negative, nor is it always gossip; but it can be the gateway to meddling and gossip. You find out your friends ex is cheating on his new partner. regular fantasies about personal power, intelligence, success, or attractiveness. Step 2: Prioritise ONE Trait at a Time. However, as our data shows no differences between these two events, it is reasonable to assume that no order effects emerged at all. In a similar vein, the dark side of personality probably has a high impact on gossip motives that serve individual purposes. What if you realize youve been guilty of being an in the know gossip? The authors say this is related to our desire to be seen positively by others and fit in socially, regardless of whether this reflects what were actually feeling. Natl. Despite these important functions, gossip has a rather bad reputation since it is perceived as inherently malicious harming people and society (e.g., Farley, 2011; Hartung and Renner, 2013; Peters and Kashima, 2013). doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.111, Beersma, B., and Van Kleef, G. A. 8, 7899. Curiosity and control: on the determinants of the search for social knowledge. Robbins, M. L., & Karan, A. Pers. But if youve ever lived anywhere south of the Mason-Dixon line, you are already nodding your head. This reaction also occurred when the participants heard negative gossip in general. Her surprise at how serious God views gossip served as a giant wake up call to mea girl whose known gossip was wrong since childhood, but had somehow forgotten the gravity of gossip somewhere along the way. For instance, the data are about 492 times more likely under the model assuming narcissism and information gathering to be associated than under the null model that assumes no association (BF10 = 491.71). Filipinos have been described as friendly, outgoing, sensitive, easily offended, nosy, garrulous, direct, hospitable, feisty, irreverent, good natured, clever, witty, gregarious, happy, generous, easy to laugh, gracious, easy to befriend, casual, fun loving, sensitive and hospitable. Therefore, corrected F-values are reported (Huynh-Feldt). To consider a relationship building motive of gossip, three respective items were generated. 27, 169184. Behav. As outlined earlier, this is in line with previous results from observational (i.e., eavesdropping) studies showing that the content of conversation is mainly neutral in its value and only certain parts are clearly positive or clearly negative (Levin and Arluke, 1985; Dunbar et al., 1997). 3 Ways to Reclaim Your Hope and Happiness, 7 Ticking Time Bombs That Destroy Loving Relationships, An Addiction Myth That Needs to Be Revisited, 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. In a 2015 study published in Social Neuroscience, scientists looked at brain imaging of men and women as they heard positive and negative gossip about themselves, their best friends and celebrities. Characteristics of gossips are: insecurity, jealous of others, low self esteem, angry at the world, have too much idle time on their hands, usually don't have any hobbies or activities they could be doing instead of rumor mongering, unhappy with their lives, don't like to see other people happy, attention seekers, like giving the illusion that Roeser, K., McGregor, V. E., Stegmaier, S., Mathew, J., Kubler, A., and Meule, A. While listening to patients, psychologists must also guide the therapy process with their own questions. (2015). Gossiping with a person in order to warn that person of a target person appears not to spur gossip for any of the dark personalities. (1985). Back, M. D., Kfner, A. C., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., and Denissen, J. J. Bull. (2002). Schwarz, N., and Bless, H. (1992). Personality traits imply consistency and stabilitysomeone who scores high on a specific trait like Extraversion is expected to be sociable in different situations and over time. (2012). Health Organ. what are the non legislative powers of congress. To ensure the internal validity, confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) using AMOS (version 24.0.0) were conducted for private and work setting separately (see Figure 1). Those who get easily frustrated with the problems of others and want them to "just get over it" will not last long. While there are hundreds of different personality trait examples that describe a person, psychologists often list five main personality traits, called the Big Five. doi: 10.1108/14777260510615404, Wagenmakers, E. J., Love, J., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Ly, A., Verhagen, J., et al. It appears as if time limits in work setting and other boundaries given by social norms in work settings do not hinder them from passing time talking about others. Second, considering that one focus of the study was the association between the gossip motives and the dark triad personality traits, the use of a short measure of the dark triad is questionable. Conversations about absent third parties appear to be an apparent method to do exactly that. The traits and characteristics of curiosity and open-mindedness are extremely common within the Libra personality and they are always on the hunt to discover new ideas. She was speechless. Biblically, a gossip is defined as a tale-bearer, a whisperer, a secret slanderer. Anytime we say anything about someone privately that we wouldnt say publicly, its gossip. 29, 172178. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Reputation, gossip, and human cooperation. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12255, Yukl, G., and Falbe, C. M. (1990). Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analysis showed that social enjoyment was a more important motive in private situations than in work-related situations (private M = 3.08, SD = 1.84 vs. work M = 2.58, SD = 1.80; p < 0.001). Figure 2. Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Theory of mind and the evolution of language, in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, eds J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy, and C. Knight (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 92110. Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. *Correspondence: Freda-Marie Hartung, freda-marie.hartung@hsrw.eu, Why People Gossip and What It Brings About: Motives For, and Consequences Of, Informal Evaluative Information Exchange, View all Or Did you know? Noticeably, the results revealed that the importance of motives mainly depends on the gossiper's narcissism both in work settings and in private settings. Tell it like it is. It has been shown that the three traits are overlapping, but are nevertheless distinct concepts (e.g., Furnham et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; but see also Muris et al., 2017). Group Organiz. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.2.93. Therefore, simply gathering and validating social information might be another salient reason for dark personalities to gossip. Comments are posted anonymously about an individual. Obsessive personality: 10 main traits Perfectionism and meticulousness Possibly, the trait that best defines obsessional personality is the Perfectionism And thoroughness. Talking about other people gives an individual a sense of relief because he or she is not experiencing the same calamities. (2006) argues in his social gossip theory of language that human language evolved in order to keep track of complex social networks and to ensure the cohesion in large social groups. Res. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203891, Djeriouat, H., and Trmolire, B. The sword of a woman: gossip and female aggression. Gossip and the self. Rev. Copyright 2019 Hartung, Krohn and Pirschtat. Translating Questionnaires and Other Research Instruments: Problems and Solutions. Reviewed by Davia Sills. Gossips have poor ego development and tend to be emotionally labile. And individuals with dark personalities are not known for their desire to appear or behave socially appropriate (e.g., Foster and Trimm, 2008). And overall people who were more extroverted tended to gossip more than those who were more introverted. According to standard procedures, missing values were imputed prior to forming scales using the EM method in SPSS 24 (Schafer and Graham, 2002). Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: a mixed blessing? 78, 14. It would be nice if we could capture the entire human experience into five simple words. The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. Personal. Sci. Am. Psychonomic Bull. Using gossip to negatively influence the reputation of the target person is related to narcissism and Machiavellianism. Some scholars view gossip as evidence of cultural learning, offering teachable moments and providing people examples of whats socially acceptable and whats not. One strength of the present study is that it extends previous research through the comprehensive assessment of gossip reasons. 10. In support of that notion, the social enjoyment motive is less important in the professional setting than in the private setting. However, one might also evaluate gossip with respect to other dimensions such as positivity or negativity of the transmitted information or the intention of the gossiper (Eckhaus and Ben-Hador, 2018). Pers. Events that are unusual, dramatic, or lasting ensure that a rich representation is formed and are stored in the long-term memory. People tend to think of gossip as synonymous with malicious rumors, put-downs or the breathless propagation of a tabloid scoop. Exchanging information with others might be an easy method to form new relationships and shape the social environment according to one's needs. Hum. The chi-square statistic was significant for the work setting (2(120) = 190.92, p < 0.001) but not for the private setting 2(120) = 131.37, p = 0.22). Even though the Dirty Dozen Scale has shown convergent validity with comprehensive measures, using more complex measures for the respective three traits would allow deeper insight into the associations. PLoS ONE 13:e0203891. A good gossiper is someone who people trust with information and someone who uses that information in a responsible way. (2013). Relatsh. Violent Behav. The interaction of person and situation, in Personality at the Crossroads: Current Issues in Interactional Psychology, eds D. Magnusson and N. S. Endler (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.), 333352. To have a personality trait, individuals must be somewhat consistent across situations in their behaviours related to the trait. Manag. Gossip is not inherently bad; it plays an important role in keeping our society connected. This approach might harbor potential threats. The Dark Triad as an agentic social style. Also, at the group level, a climate of information permeability and norm compliance is generated (e.g., Piazza and Bering, 2008; Feinberg et al., 2012). U.S.A. 104, 1743517440. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2009.0025. Hum. And also the study by Beersma and Van Kleef (2012) shows that people mainly talk about others for informational reasons and not to negatively influence other people's reputation. J. Pers. Identifying and profiling scholastic cheaters: their personality, cognitive ability, and motivation. They thrive on the notion that others fear them. Individ. The researchers were also interested in understanding how people gossip. Other research shows that in comparison to more psychopathic and more Machiavellian individuals, more narcissistic individuals tend to use more soft tactics to influence others (Jonason et al., 2012). She is mom to their three wildly funny young adult kids, who frequently sit on her kitchen counter, just to chat. Negative gossip about celebrities and positive gossip about self entertain people in different ways. My friendwho is on the prayer teamreceived an email with churchwide prayers. Replicating previous research, the results show that motives were seen as differentially important (Beersma and Van Kleef, 2012). Similarly, the test of the interaction effect did not achieve sufficient power (0.68). I love my child-free life. Gossip runs like a thread through our social world. It's a tricky phenomenon to study, though. Personality is a complicated construct influenced by many factors. Gossiping gives people a sense of power. This activity indicated the subjects responded to the gossip and its insight. I can see why she got the promotion. Psychol. Is this wrong? Keywords: gossip, gossip motives, situation, dark triad, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, Citation: Hartung F-M, Krohn C and Pirschtat M (2019) Better Than Its Reputation? More specifically, it is easy to imagine that individuals scoring higher on the dark triad readily use gossip to negatively influence another person's reputation (i.e., potential competitor or rival) to push through self-beneficial agendas. The motivational pattern was highly similar between private and work context. Accordingly, important social functions have been postulated for gossip in science (e.g., Foster, 2004). Extroversion. Thus, by passing reputational information about a potential harm-doer to a gossip partner, the group as a whole is protected against cheaters, free-riders and alike (Dunbar, 2004b; Keltner et al., 2008; Piazza and Bering, 2008; Beersma and Van Kleef, 2011; Feinberg et al., 2012, 2014). doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.12.002, Privitera, C., and Campbell, M. A. Fiske, S. T. (2004). Experiments his team have done suggest that the threat of being gossiped about deters untrustworthy behavior; once people have been gossiped about for behaving in an untrustworthy way, they tend to reform their behavior; and gossip helps people know who to avoid and not trust. Interpersonal chemistry through negativity: bonding by sharing negative attitudes about others. doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2012.07.002, Ellwardt, L., Wittek, R., and Wielers, R. (2012c). Factor loadings of the items of the Motives to Gossip QuestionnaireRevised (confirmatory factor analysis) separately displayed for work and private setting (N = 134). Also, qualitative research show that people, even though enjoying gossip, restrict themselves because they are afraid of becoming a gossip target themselves (Rodrigues et al., 2019). However, we found neither a significant effect nor did the results change including gender. For instance, when gossip validation in work context has been the dependent variable the model containing only narcissism reached the highest BF10. A close friend of Daisy Buchanan's, Jordan dates Nick Carraway during the novel and plays a crucial role in reuniting Daisy with the titular Jay Gatsby.
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