A Mexico City municipal law provides increased penalties for hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and family members of disappeared persons alleged the prosecutors undercounted the actual number of cases. The Mexican government announced that homicidesdeclined by 3.6% from the previous year to 33,308, just below the 33,739 in 2018 when Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador became president. If all countries commitmentswere in a similar range, warming would reach up to 3C by the end of the century. Mexicos law-enforcement forces still lack incapacitation and deterrence capacities. In fact, over 30 million people visited Cancun in 2022 - and the vast majority of them come and go completely unscathed. You can interactively filter the municipios shown on the map based on their homicide rates by using the histogram widget in the . Baja California Sur state Exercise Increased Caution. Discrimination and Societal Abuses, Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination, Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Other Societal Violence or Discrimination, a. Security forces responded by killing four suspects and arresting 25. In rural areas in 2019, the cause of most maternal deaths was obstetric hemorrhage. While most gang-related violence is targeted, violence perpetrated by criminal organizations can affect bystanders. Read thecountry information pagefor additional information on travel to Mexico. Forced internal displacement disproportionally affected indigenous communities. State governments reported investigating 12 suspected forced labor cases in 2020. In 2019, a well-respected human rights defender was appointed to head the governments National Search Commission (CNB). Many women working in the industry reported suffering some form of abuse. There are no other restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Durango state. In October 2020 authorities announced they would release Brenda Quevedo Cruz, who had been in prison without trial since 2007. From January to August the Mexican Commission to Assist Refugees (COMAR) received 77,559 applications for refugee status, a 41 percent increase from the same period in 2019, and anticipated that it would receive up to 120,000 applications in total by the end of the year. Violent crime and gang activity are widespread. Most homicides appeared to be targeted; however, criminal organization assassinations and territorial disputes can result in bystanders being injured or killed. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Mexico City. The only policy to assist people with disabilities is a non-contributive disability pension that reaches only 933,000 people of the 6,179,890 who live in the country. In July 2020 the CNB launched a public version of the National Registry of Disappeared and Missing Persons. Globally, it ranks at number 19 in the list of countries with the highest . In October 2020, Mexico was re-elected to the UN Human Rights Council. In October 2020, the government eliminated the independent fund that paid for protection measures, putting the mechanism in a precarious financial situation. In 2020, journalists registered 692 threats, attacks, or other forms of aggressionreportedly the highest year on record. Before a strike may take place, a union must file a notice to strike with the appropriate CAB, or the appropriate labor court once they are operational. Mexico has relied heavily on the military to control drugs and fight organized crime, leading to widespread human rights violations. In 2021, a total of 625 cases of. Since 2019 more than 60 women accused Roemer of sexual abuse, assault, and rape. The CNDHs 2020 National Diagnostic of Penitentiary Supervision reported that state prisons were understaffed and suffered from poor sanitary conditions as well as a lack of separation between those sentenced and those awaiting trial. Birth Registration: Children derive citizenship both by birth within the countrys territory and from their parents. According to NGO Article 19, lethal attacks occurred against journalists in Sonora, including the killings of Benjamin Morales on May 3 and Ricardo Lopez Dominguez on July 22 and the disappearance of Jorge Molontzin on March 16. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of children, and authorities generally enforced the law. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Puebla state. Twenty-four of 32 states have legalized same-sex marriage. In response to a 2020 civil society organization lawsuit, a Mexico City court ruled authorities must implement COVID-19 detection and preventive health protocols for detainees and their families in prisons in Mexico City and psychiatric wards nationwide. The constitution provides indigenous persons the right to self-determination, autonomy, and education. Following the August 2020 killing of Pablo Morrugares, El Diario de Iguala newspaper published a note blaming organized crime and Governor Hector Astudillo Flores administration for violence against journalists and impunity. The National Guard is led by military officers, trained by the military, and composed largely of military troops. The government increased the CNB budget 8 percent over the 2020 budget. Additionally, U.S. citizens have been the victims of both non-violent and violent crimes in tourist and non-tourist areas. Southern states reported the lowest access to skilled health care during pregnancy due to geographic, financial, and cultural barriers. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. According to advocacy groups, no information was available concerning the criteria through which the government chooses media outlets for public advertising. INEGI reported in 2017 that 23 percent of working women experienced violence in the workplace within the past 12 months and that 6 percent experienced sexual violence. The reforms provide workers with the right to freely elect union representatives and approve or reject collective bargaining agreements through a secret ballot process before they are registered. An Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation study on the use of contraceptives in Chiapas (the poorest state) found that older women were less likely to use family planning methods (13 percent of women ages 35 and older, versus 18 percent of women ages 20-34), while 23 percent of indigenous women opposed birth control for religious, cultural, or social reasons. Citizens generally registered the births of newborns with local authorities. And it ruled that medical staffs right to conscientiously object to performing abortions is subject to limits. On August 8, self-proclaimed members of Cartel Jalisco New Generation released a video showing a group of armed men threatening to kill journalist Azucena Uresti for reporting on self-defense groups fighting the cartel in Michoacan. Authorities arrested four police officers and charged them with femicide (killing a woman because of her gender). Following the introduction of the accusatorial justice system, however, there was a significant reduction in the number of persons detained in this manner, falling from more than 1,900 in 2011 to 21 in 2018. According to data from the Mexican Social Security Institute, in 2020 there were approximately 278,000 workplace accidents, resulting in 666 deaths. The Puebla state government sued the news outlet E-Consulta seven times due to its reporting. In 2014, Congress reformed the Code of Military Justice, requiring abuses by members of the military against civilians to be prosecuted in civilian, not military, courts. Mexico's defense secretary, Luis Cresencio Sandoval, has defended his government's tactics, calling the attacks a counteroffensive against growing government pressure, including the deployment of. As of September 2021, the platform had recorded over 90,000 people disappeared, mostly since 2006. In July unknown assailants abducted and killed Aranza Ramos in the state of Sonora. Politicians publicly discredited and criticized such journalists, however. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Baja California Sur state, which includes tourist areas in:Cabo San Lucas, San Jose del Cabo,andLa Paz. The armed forces operated a military justice system to hold human rights abusers accountable. By law government health providers are obliged to offer sexual and reproductive emergency health services for survivors of sexual violence within 120 hours of the sexual assault. Nonetheless, NGOs and media reported on sexual exploitation of minors, as well as child sex tourism in resort towns and northern border areas. As of August 16, authorities had not arrested any suspects. NGOs alleged that provisions in laws threatened the privacy of internet users by forcing telecommunication companies to retain data for two years, providing real-time geolocation data to police, and allowing authorities to obtain metadata from private communications companies without a court order. Federal law provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights. In 2020, Mexico appointed itself as one of 23 Champion countries of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. Country Summary: Violent crime such as homicide, kidnapping, carjacking, and robbery is widespread and common in Mexico. In 2020, the government reported nearly 1,000 femicideskillings of women because of their gender. Petty crime occurs frequently in both tourist and non-tourist areas. Municipal police arrested eight women and one man, later releasing all detainees. Legal and illegal fishermen and entire associations and industries feel they have no backup from the Mexican government to resist the narcos takeover. In that month, the cases of domestic violence amounted to around 22,750. And indeed, it doesnt respond. The government investigated and prosecuted some of these crimes, but the vast majority remained uninvestigated and unprosecuted. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. Emergency contraception was available, including for survivors of sexual assault. The guidelines allow internet service providers to deny access to certain applications, content, and services based on commercial criteria, in breach of their obligations to protect neutrality. This will allow Mexico to increase its emissions while technically meeting its targets. Government authorities also reported an increase of 73 percent in online child pornography distribution during the pandemic. After almost seven years in the role, Dr. Jennifer McEntire will step away from her role as Chief Food Safety Officer at the International Fresh Produce Association (IFPA) on May 5, 2023. Any work in excess of eight hours in a day is considered overtime, for which a worker is to receive double pay. In many states, local emergency services are limited outside the state capital or major cities. By law the government collected biometric data from migrants. Their ebb and flow largely reflect choices and tit-for-tat responses by criminal groups toward one another. There is no single independent oversight mechanism to review police actions, but many federal and state security and justice sector institutions have internal affairs units providing internal supervision and promoting best practices for transparency and accountability. As of August 27, the suspects were awaiting trial. 31 cases of sexual offences per day. The 2022 outlook for both the rule of law and public safety in Mexico and meaningful U.S.-Mexico security cooperation remains bleak, writes Vanda Felbab-Brown as she discusses her findings from recently spending several weeks in various parts of Mexico researching the evolution of crime and security policies. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. Map of homicides in Mexico from. In its data collection, the government often merged statistics on forcibly disappeared persons with missing persons not suspected of being victims of forced disappearance, making it difficult to compile accurate statistics on the extent of the problem. Observers from grassroots labor rights groups, international NGOs, and multinational apparel brands reported that employers in export-oriented supply chains increasingly used hiring methods that lessened job security. The NGO also reported the existence of multiple unregistered private institutions without licenses operating as orphanages. Defendants have the right to an attorney of their choice at all stages of criminal proceedings. Forced labor persisted in the domestic service and in child-care, manufacturing, mining, food-processing, construction, tourism, begging, street-vending, leather-goods-production, and agriculture sectors, especially in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes. Criminal activity and violence may occur in any location, at any time, including in popular tourist destinations. At all levels, police reform has mostly stalled. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. In 2019, President Lpez Obrador deployed the National Guard for migration enforcement. In Baja California Sur, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, and Yucatan, the crimes of defamation and libel are prosecuted, with penalties ranging from three days to five years in prison and fines for committing defamation or slander, both considered crimes against honor. Slander is punishable under the criminal laws of the states of Campeche, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Yucatan, and Zacatecas, with sentences ranging from three months to six years in prison and fines. Cancun is located in a conveniently placed right next to the Mexican Caribbean Sea. In August 2021, the government named a group of seven international forensic and legal experts to lead the Extraordinary Forensic Identification Mechanism, which will be tasked with identifying bodies recovered from mass graves. Mexico State (Estado de Mexico) Exercise Increased Caution. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout Nayarit state. Thousands of people disappear every year in Mexico. But the size of the decline is just noise in the tempo of Mexicos criminal violence. The government rarely investigated cases of alleged abusive and fraudulent recruitment practices. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. On June 17, while journalist Gustavo Sanchez Cabrera was riding his motorcycle, two unidentified individuals in a car crashed into him, exited the car, and fatally shot him. The Interior Secretariat registered 224 verbal and physical attacks against journalists in 2020 and a total of 1,052 between 2015 and 2020, 41 percent of which the secretariat attributed to public servants. MEXICO CITY The corpses of three people, dismembered and burned, were found in bags in Abasolo, in the state of Guanajuato, on Sept. 2. Two of the . This limited medias ability to investigate and report, since many of the reporters who were killed covered crime, corruption, and local politics. Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. In August 2021, President Lpez Obrador held a referendum on whether past political actors since 1988 should be tried for crimes including electoral fraud, corruption, and loss of lives to neoliberalism. Criminal cartels, common criminals, and sometimes police and migration officials regularly target people migrating through Mexico to rob, kidnap, extort, rape, or kill them. Recent Elections: International observers considered the midterm elections (legislative, gubernatorial, and local) to be generally free and fair, with only minor reports of irregularities. Maui, HI. There were reports some government agents were complicit with international organized criminal gangs, and prosecution and conviction rates were low for these abuses. The NGO Mexican Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights identified 15 incidents between January and July of mass forced internal displacement (defined as the displacement of at least 10 families or 50 individuals) due to violence. Wage and Hour Laws: The tripartite National Minimum Wage Commission is responsible for establishing minimum salaries. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Quintana Roo state, which include tourist areas in:Cancun,Cozumel, Isla Mujeres,Playa del Carmen,Tulum, andtheRiviera Maya. The most common aggressions were intimidation and harassment, followed by threats and physical attacks, according to civil society groups. The constitution allows any person to arrest another if the crime is committed in his or her presence. The CDC's latest guidance on international travel for vaccinated people can be foundhere. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights, Section 6. Women and pregnant people face many barriers when trying to access abortion, even when it is legal. Quintana Roo state Exercise Increased Caution. Battles for territory between criminal groups have resulted in violent crime in areas frequented by U.S. citizens and U.S. government employees, including restaurants and malls during daylight hours. Minors were recruited or forced by cartels to traffic persons, drugs, or other goods across the border with the United States. The UN Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) documented cases in the states of Mexico and Chiapas in which detainees remained in pretrial detention for more than 12 years. The law prohibits children younger than age 15 from working and allows those ages 15 to 17 to work no more than six daytime hours in nonhazardous conditions daily, and only with parental permission and permission from the labor authority. NGOs reported that acts of excessive use of force and arbitrary detention occurred against female protesters, especially those protesting gender-based violence. President Lpez Obrador has greatly expanded the scope of the armed forces activities, deploying them for law enforcement and customs enforcement, and to control irregular immigration, run social programs, and build and operate mega projects. Some companies reportedly did not implement effective protective measures for employees, and one factory, owned by Eaton Corporation in Baja California, was operating illegally and was closed after it placed chains on its doors to prevent 800 workers from leaving. The reforms establish a four-year timeline for implementation designed to end May 1, 2023, but the government established an accelerated timeline to complete implementation by May 2022 and remained on track to meet that goal. Both the boys and their hairdresser trainers pocketed the government money and went about their lives, criminal or otherwise, as before. The reforms call for the creation of independent labor courts to replace the Conciliation and Arbitration Boards (CABs) that favored corporatist unions in the resolution of disputes and facilitated the registration of protection contracts. Three days later, a trans woman was murdered in the same. In its December 2020 climate action plan, Mexico increased the baseline against which its emissions reductions are calculated but maintained its 2015 emissions reduction commitments. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the median salary for full-time female employees was 19 percent less than that of full-time male employees. Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. The court found that absolute criminalization of abortion is unconstitutional and that women should not be criminally prosecuted for undergoing the procedure. With no access to schools or child care, many workers took their children to work in the fields. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Mexico State. The committee first requested permission to visit Mexico in 2013 but was denied access by the previous government. Access to justice was limited. Both violent and non-violent crime occur throughout Mexico City. Keep traveling companions and family back home informed of your travel plans. Puebla state Exercise Increased Caution. Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico) Exercise Increased Caution. Self-styled militias, sometimes fronts for rival criminal groups, other times with great proclivity to slide into many facets of criminality, persist andproliferate as the government looks on. Impromptu roadblocks requiring payment to pass are common. As my fieldwork showed, in Baja California Sur, Baja California, and Sinaloa, criminal groups, often the Sinaloa Cartel, are muscling their way into new economies,systematically seeking to dominate both legal and illegal fishing, fish processing, and seafood sales along the entire vertical supply chain. There were high rates of impunity for these crimes, consistent with high impunity rates for all crimes. Outsourcing practices made it difficult for workers to identify their legally registered employer, thus limiting their ability to seek redress of labor grievances. Yucatan state Exercise Normal Precautions. Detained migrants have said they were not given masks or soap and were denied medical treatment when they had symptoms of Covid-19. As of August 16, the suspects remained in detention awaiting trial. The state commissions are funded by state legislatures and are semiautonomous. Organized criminal groups reportedly continued to oversee illicit activities from within penitentiary walls, and rival drug cartel members often fought in prison. According to a 2019 National Child Labor Survey, the number of children ages five to 17 in child labor, including in hazardous household work, was 3.3 million, or approximately 11.5 percent of children in the country. This was a common practice in the maquiladora sector, in which employers forced workers to take leave at low moments in the production cycle and obliged them to work in peak seasons, including the Christmas holiday period, without the corresponding triple pay mandated by law for voluntary overtime on national holidays. On Feb. 19, rival drug dealers opened fire at Art Beach Tulum, a restaurant on the outskirts of Tulum where an order of sea bass with asparagus risotto and seaweed cream goes for $35. In July 2020 he was arrested in another country pursuant to a Mexican extradition request on charges that he diverted millions of dollars in public funds. The education system provided education for students with disabilities nationwide. In a June International Organization for Migration survey, 20 percent of citizens and 35 percent of third-country migrants reported using a smuggler to arrive to the U.S.-Mexico border. Reports indicated that women suffered disproportionately from pretrial detention. Nevertheless, women nationwide faced obstacles to accessing emergency services due to health providers personal objections to emergency contraception or misunderstanding of their legal obligations to provide services. Their abduction followed the killings of two Yaqui activists and leaders: Thomas Rojo in May and Luis Urbano in June. As of December 2020 the Prosecutor Generals Office was investigating 3,703 torture-related inquiries under the previous inquisitorial legal system (initiated prior to the 2016 transition to an accusatorial system) and 565 investigations under the accusatorial system. The government increased efforts to target human smuggling organizations. The law also provides for the rights of appeal and of bail in most categories of crimes. 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