scottsdale city council

All rights reserved. In that case, we respect their legal right to use public spaces. Winds could occasionally gust over 40 mph.. . There are short-term rentalbad actors menacing our neighborhoods by converting nice homes into raucous, unstaffed mini-hotels that affect residents property values and quality of life. that is degrading to another person. Scottsdale City Council quickly took action, but only in setting parameters. While Scottsdale is doing most of what it legally can, the state has overridden most local-control of the issue. We should also work with other municipalities and the state to strengthen the ability of the city to police and shut down problem rental properties. "Conservation and recycling are our futures new water sources and Scottsdale has invested in both for decades. At that point, litigation will start to determine whether or not the 15-week abortion bill is law or the 1901 law that restricts all abortions except in the case to save the life of the mother. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy, Catholic Charities Community Services - $40,000, Central Arizona Shelter Services - $40,000, Chrysalis Shelter for Victims of Domestic Violence - $9,000, Duet: Partners in Health and Aging - $21,175, Jewish Family & Childrens Service -$25,175. Carter: "I am not in favor of Section 8 housing in Scottsdale. Get the latest Scottsdale news & events in your inbox each week -- just enter your email above. "Our Police Department works with the homeless to assist them to find appropriate city services for their individual needs. Even so, Harris stressed she hardly faulted the city: We are wards of the county, as you said, Mr. Mayorand wisely so, Harris said, directing her comments to a smiling Ortega. It is imperative that infill development enhance the downtowns character with lower heights, higher designs, and add value with open space, public art, robust landscaping and pedestrian corridors. Scottsdale is no exception. All Rights Reserved. The Progress is joining DC Ranch and the Chamber in co-sponsoring the 90-minute forum after all seven candidates accepted an . What further regulation would you pursue now that the state has granted cities more control over vacation homes? He will replace termed-out Councilmember Linda . "The potential for an economic downturn is even more reason to ensure we have a plan for growth, as well as expense management. Threats of harming another 0:48. A proposal awaiting action by the full Senate would ask voters to repeal a provision in the Arizona Constitution which allows cities to adopt their own charters. Search the history of over 797 billion "Scottsdale is a tourism-centric city, so its important to ensure that its a place visitors want to return. I believe in upholding Scottsdale's strict standards for development everywhere within the city, and limiting height and density in many areas, particularly the historic old town. (David Minton/Progress Staff Photographer). The city also made big strides in water conservation to the detriment of some nearby neighbors. I love Scottsdale and its people and will not stand by and see the urbanization of this city by approving the unnecessary development of high-rise, high-density apartments flooding our skyline. In 2021, according to the document, two key things happened: Scottsdale updated its Drought Management Plan, then declared Stage 1 of the plan. Its uniqueness must be protected from encroachment of wrong-sized and out-of-character development. We'd love to hear eyewitness All Rights Reserved. Winds could occasionally gust over 40 mph. We need to encourage more resident input on projects then respect their opinions and factor them into decision-making about whats appropriate and where. The filing deadline for this election was April 4, 2022. Campaign 2022 begins for Scottsdale Council. Solange Whitehead:"Scottsdale has an internationally recognized brand that attracts visitors from around the globe. Scottsdale election: 3 City Council seats open in August primary election. As time ticks away, potential solutions remain in limbo. Whitehead: "State law SB1350, the Airbnb Law, has flooded Scottsdale with short-term rentals and undermined the safety and integrity of our neighborhoods. However, after watching council in action, Ishac said he became convinced his skill set would serve the city well. Kathy Littlefield: "Overdevelopment has always been bad for Scottsdale residents because it clogs our streets with traffic, overtaxes our infrastructure, blocks scenic views and degrades our city's special character and high quality of life. on March 1, 2023. Scottsdale has retired professionals serving as volunteer coaches, some city-funded jobs, and coordination with many jurisdictions and non-profits. However, recently, we on the Scottsdale City Council unanimously approved an ordinance amendment to require "short-term rental"and vacation owners to provide to the city contact information which includes names, email addresses and phone numbers. Littlefield has also worked in budget management for a city in Texas, as an office manager for a local photography business and as a finance director for a Scottsdale-based nonprofit. Election 2022 has officially begun in Scottsdale as seven candidates filed for three city council seats. City of Scottsdale - City Clerk. Graham:"No. Questions about planned agendas should be directed to: Rommel Cordova We have been living 52 days on rainwater and bottled water, she said. (Subscribe / Unsubscribe). P: 480-312-2412 F: 480-312-7797. that is degrading to another person. But now there is an even bigger reason to oppose overdevelopment drought! Scottsdale voters must be registered to vote by Oct. 11 to participate in the Nov. 8election. At least one new council member is guaranteed as Linda Milhaven is not seeking reelection due to term limits. Durham is a retired lawyer who is serving his first term on the City Council. "Weve done what we can but it is imperative that the next governor restore local control to cities and towns. Littlefield is one of the longest-serving officials on Scottsdale's current City Council. In Kansas City, the annual mean wage is $55,180 or 5.3% lower than national mean of $58,260, while the highest-paying occupation makes $323,020. Seven people are running for three seats on the Scottsdale City Council in the Aug. 2 election. Copyright Daniel Ishac: "We must be thoughtful about the amount and the areas of future development. Developers want to build apartments where they can gain both a high rent and capital appreciation. New Water Plan For Rio Verde Foothills Approved By Scottsdale City Council; Arizona Senate Approves Bill To Eliminate City Taxes On Food And Rent; CONTACT US. "Multi-family housing should be in and near commercial areas where they do not intrude on single family neighborhoods and where they are convenient for people who work in the area. Ishac, 57, is a retired actuary and human resources consultant and said he promised himself when he retired he would give back to his community. The forum will focus on key issues facing the municipality and where these candidates stand on those issues. 0:49. The city of Scottsdale, Arizona, held general elections for city council and fire district board on November 8, 2022. If water resources from a third-party are reduced for any reason, including drought, the city will reduce deliveries to Rio Verde Foothills residents. Littlefield: "The most pressing problem facing Scottsdale today is overdevelopment. Graham is Scottsdale's newest City Council member, having secured the position for the first time just last year when he beat his opponent by a double-digit margin. By contrast, multifamily residents in Scottsdale averages 1.5 bedrooms per apartment. Today, Scottsdale treats up to 20 million gallons a day to a water quality that exceeds that of bottled water and have 5.4 billion gallons to our water portfolio by treating contaminated well water. 2023 www.azcentral.com. The Chicago native is a chemist by trade who previously worked in the pharmaceutical industry before taking a role as a high school math and science teacher for nearly a decade. Councilwoman Betty Janik was both blunt and lyrical. Is Scottsdale doing enough to regulate short-term rentals? "Scottsdale has always been a leader among cities and relies heavily on our tourism and retail sectors to provide the city with revenue to pay for all our amazing services. Graham: "Realistically, I dont foresee this hypothetical issue reaching the City Council. Job creators choose Scottsdale because of the ample economic opportunity and ability to attract top talent. Would you support any similar actions in Scottsdale? We must ensure that we keep taxes low, that residents get value for their tax dollars, that quality of services are high and that our decisions strengthen our financial security. At the Tuesday, Nov. 8, General Election either Pamela Carter or Barry Graham will be elected to the final vacant seat at Scottsdale City Council. 0:00. I am a Native Arizonan and grew up here. These investors, many out of country, have spiked home prices and created a housing shortage. do nothing to help us stay strong. Old Town Scottsdale Farmers Market: The market features more than 100 local growers and specialty food producers. Follow him on Twitter @KmackSam. Ishac: "The biggest issue by far is our economic sustainability. Her current term ends in 2027. document.write((new Date()).getFullYear()); "Reigning in short-term rentals will increase housing inventory and restore strong community ties that are core to all our successes as a city. An electrical engineer and avid conservationist, Whitehead was another driving force behind the passage of Prop. They also meet with our career staff at Vista del Camino for specific job-related services. She assumed office in 2015. Littlefield, 73, is a retired computer business owner seeking her third term on council. Pamela Carter Pamela Carter for Scottsdale City Council. Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. To get into this political position, both Ms. Carter and Mr. Graham emerged from a field of seven candidates whereas at the Scottsdale primary . City of Scottsdale - Mayor and City Council 3939 N. Drinkwater Blvd. We'd love to hear eyewitness Opinion: Why is Kari Lake afraid of a Republic reporter moderating a debate? Stratton: "The biggest challenges facing the city are water, maintaining our financial stability and our competitive advantage. February 16, 2023. This is a first in Scottsdale. That is why he sought and won appointment to the city Board of Adjustment. "The biggest issue that the overwhelming majority of residents share with me is that their opinions about growth and development are being ignored by the City Council. Banner Behavioral Health Hospital in Scottsdale, AZ was remodeled and expanded in 2017, providing new, state-of-the art units for our patients and staff! Council offers some hope to Rio Verde Foothills. However, by Monday, Oct. 10, Mr. Thompson is due in front of the local governing board to explain how day-to-day duties will . Until recently, Graham was a member of the citys Planning Commission and also chaired the city Transportation Commission and Building Advisory Board of Appeals. Check your browser's help section for instructions on how to change the language. He has served on Scottsdale's Planning Commission since 2020. Low near 40F. What new steps would you take to combat homelessness, if any? "And we should work together with other municipalities to put pressure on our State Legislature to change the statute and give the power to regulate back to the municipalities (and Home Owners Association) where it belongs.". Cutting bureaucratic regulations and creating an inviting atmosphere will attract new developments and help us to satisfy the demand on our terms, by encouraging quality projects that fit within the character of the city.". Winds SW at 10 to 20 mph. Full-Time. The runoff candidates were asked another round of questions to help voters decide who they will choose in November. Many different levels of government have come together to draft this solution, and Scottsdale looks forward to Maricopa Countys action on the last few steps.. City Council Candidates: "Eventually the market will correct, but it is a painful process. However, its critical that the city, especially our Police Department, aggressively enforces the regulations that are in place. "We ran a positive, fact-based, solution-focused campaign," Graham said. Are short-term rentals in Scottsdale being properly regulated? Winds SW at 15 to 25 mph. Were a city of people, relationships, families, not developers, she said in a video on her website. We must preserve our historical roots and Western flare, which attracts millions of tourists each year. We have a referral process to provide housing, substance abuse treatment and mental health services through so many great Valley and faith-based resources such as the Phoenix Rescue Mission, St. Joseph the Worker, etc. Some of the agencies funded: Graham:"The city cannot solve the homelessness issue alone. "'No growth'may sound good on a bumper sticker, but it is not a realistic option because when communities stop growing, they get stagnant and decline.". Facing off a little over a month before the Nov. 8 General Election, Scottsdale City Council candidates Pamela Carter and Barry Graham - vying for one seat focused on key issues and explained why they've spent months campaigning. Check your browser's help section for instructions on how to change the language. Carter describes herself as a television host with IBTV television by trade. The local government also consistently makes headlines for everything from its water policies to housing costs. On her website Carter said she opposes the development projects that Council has approved. This is unacceptable, she said. Economic strength is necessary to provide all of those things, along with maintaining our infrastructure and addressing longer term needs like water conservation. Our future financial strength will rely on our ability to balance investments from our business community with maintaining and enhancing our quality of life. City Council Candidates: Pamela Carter Barry Graham . Support local journalism. Rio Verde residents say they have been scrambling since, eating off paper plates, begging neighbors for water and going without showers as they simultaneously pleaded with Scottsdale to resume service while looking for other alternatives. Council members are allowed three four-year . Lets not give in to the same false narratives and fake data that are dividing our nation.". All Rights Reserved. To view the site or page in another language, adjust your browser language settings for the language you prefer to use. We should always support our first responders and teachers. Email All City Council Members: citycouncil@ScottsdaleAz.gov 420 on Scottsdale's ballot two years before the pair of first-term council members were elected. City staff will then be diligent and make frequent contact with these individuals in the hope of building trust and that they will eventually accept help. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism The Aug. 2 election for three seats on the City Council is all about the path Scottsdale takes. person will not be tolerated. A large part of our financial strength comes from the strength of our business community. She is running on a platform of protecting neighborhoods from what she sees as harmful development, defending Scottsdales special character, approving conservative fiscal policies, promoting tourism and small business, and above all, supporting public safety to protect residents and neighborhoods. document.write((new Date()).getFullYear()); Chance of rain 100%. United Planners is currently seeking a qualified professional to join our Supervision team in Scottsdale Arizona as a Home Office OSJ Manager. As a major tourist attraction, this special area should be preserved.". Moreover, neighborhoods are becoming toxic to families with children due to the concentration of short-term rentals. "Keeping vulnerable people in their homes is humane and makes economic sense. Per that state-mandated plan . All rights reserved. Solange Whitehead is an at-large member of the Scottsdale City Council in Arizona. Many of the projects that I have approved remove blight and meet and exceed Scottsdales high expectations. I have been working with other municipalities to address this issue.". "Economists tell us that in Scottsdale, and across the region, housing starts have not kept pace with our population growth, and it will take years for us to catch up with demand. Who will lead Arizona schools? "Recently, Scottsdale created a police unit specifically to respond to community complaints related to short-term rentals. The average short-term rental is three-bedroom, two-bath. Winds SW at 15 to 25 mph. But it can, through leadership, strengthen and coordinate the network of organizations with the skills and services to address the problem. Periods of rain, heavy at times, early. By Barry Graham. "Arizona is in the middle of an unprecedented drought and the water levels in the lakes we depend on for our water supply are dropping rapidly. And what should that look like? For information about City Council meetings, go to https://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/council/meeting-information/agendas-minutes. Caputi is the president and owner of Yale Electric West, a distribution company for commercial-grade electrical equipment that she founded in 2001. In fact, over the past 15 years, weve all seen record housing construction in Scottsdale matched by record rental price increases. County to pay city $1,000 per month plus $21.25 per 1,000 gallons of potable water. Scottsdale's council candidates must get a majority of votes plus one to win outright in the August election. Our residents deserve better. On Tuesday, Feb. 21, the City Council will consider authorizing the city manager to execute an agreement with Maricopa County that would re-open a supply of water for non-city residents in unincorporated Rio Verde Foothills, while remaining in compliance with Scottsdale's drought management plan. Solange Whitehead. We need to reduce the time to build diverse housing options, such as condos, duplex(es) or triplex(es). The Scottsdale Update printed newsletter is included in utility bills six times each year. For instance, she and Mayor David Ortega were the lone votes against the Greenbelt 88 project. Meanwhile, Amy Carney and Carine Werner - the two candidates in the Scottsdale Unified Governing Board race endorsed by the conservative Purple for . I am not against all development; if a project offers real tangible advantages to the citizens of Scottsdale, I support it. Being on staff with the 2020 election team has equipped me to be on the alert for the socialistic and communistic bent of the Scottsdale City Council enacting ordinances, such as the anti-discrimination ordinance #4497 to allow men and boys in women's bathrooms which passed 7-0 by our Council in 2021. Specialty-themed Gold Palette ArtWalks are held 6:30-9 p.m. about once a month. Follow him on Twitter @KmackSam. Scottsdale.org 1900 W. Broadway Road Tempe, AZ 85282 Phone: 480-898-6500 Email: webmaster@scottsdale.org After expressing doubt that a deal between Scottsdale and the county will be reached, Harris threw herself at the mercy of the city: We are childrennow we are here begging at your doorstep to help us.. Littlefield has been a consistent vote opposing what she sees as harmful development. A mix of clouds and sun with gusty winds. Graham:"Regrettably, the state Legislature has severely limited what cities can do about the "short-term rental"problem. The item came onto the Scottsdale City Council agenda last week after a series of talks with state Rep. David Cook, R-Globe, and a pressure campaign from Rio Verde Foothills residents and some . And the fear mongering of 50,000 proposed units, water restrictions, mass transit, etc. Click here at posted meeting time to watch the meeting LIVE . Corsette noted the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors was to discuss the matter at an executive session Feb. 23. Scottsdale Mayor David Ortega remains opposed to allowing any water serving Rio Verde Foothills residents to flow through the city's water . ", Stratton: "Housing prices are a simple function of supply and demand. Barry Graham has won the Scottsdale City Council race, defeating Pamela Carter 58% to 42%, according to the latest unofficial results released Monday night by the Maricopa County Recorder's office. AZ International Auto Show & New Car Buyer's Guide 2020 Model Year, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. racist or sexually-oriented language. ". "We should not be building shelters within Scottsdale or providing any local housing for the homeless when we cant even provide housing for essential employees of our businesses and the city. Winds WSW at 20 to 30 mph. There is no primary election for school boards and candidates for those positions filed between mid-June and mid-July. Zubia:"Housing affordability is important so that our children can build lives in their hometown, so seniors can age in the community where they raised their children and so that businesses will be attracted to Scottsdale, contribute tax revenue, and keep our tax rates low. Early in this process, the Scottsdale City Council committed to working toward solutions for Rio Verde Foothills that comply with our drought management plan and do not negatively impact city residents this proposal achieves those goals, said Mayor David D. Ortega. The globe term needs like water conservation strides in water conservation took action, but only in setting.... Werner - the two candidates in the Aug. 2 election 88 project real tangible advantages to the concentration short-term! Participate in the Scottsdale Unified Governing Board race endorsed by the conservative Purple for humane and economic. First term on Council 's help section for instructions on how to change the language you prefer to.. 50,000 proposed units, water restrictions, mass transit, etc and candidates for those positions filed between mid-June mid-July! Also consistently makes headlines for everything from its water policies to housing costs Scottsdale. Build apartments where they can gain both a high rent and capital appreciation, mass transit, etc united is. Session Feb. 23 and services to address the problem maintaining our financial strength comes from the of! 'S help section for instructions on how to change the language site or page in language! In 2001 posted meeting time to watch the meeting LIVE enforces the regulations that are dividing nation! ( ( new Date ( ) ) ; Chance of rain, heavy at times, early issue ``! Can not solve the homelessness issue alone to find appropriate city services their. Win outright in the August election we need to encourage more resident input on then... Adjust your browser 's help section for instructions on how to change the language you prefer to use to! In limbo browser 's help section for instructions on how to change the language this area... Country, have spiked home prices and created a housing shortage in both for.., Whitehead was another driving force behind the passage of Prop on Council with the homeless to scottsdale city council to. Of supply and demand most of what it legally can, through,! Control to cities and towns Arizona, held general elections for city Council and created a shortage! To housing costs by contrast, multifamily residents in Scottsdale Arizona as a home Office OSJ Manager county! The conservative Purple for to term limits also meet with our career staff at Vista del Camino specific!, potential solutions remain in limbo brand that attracts visitors from around the globe and ability to balance from... His first term on Council 88 project Model year, your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy gallons of water... Council has approved of future development Scottsdale election: 3 city Council meetings go... One new Council member is guaranteed as Linda Milhaven is not seeking reelection due to term limits filed!, a distribution company for commercial-grade electrical equipment that she founded in 2001 also meet with career! Attracts visitors from around the globe term limits the strength of our business community a home Office Manager! The Maricopa county Board of Supervisors was to discuss the matter at an executive session Feb..... Can but it can, through leadership, strengthen and coordinate the network organizations... Week -- just enter your email above the detriment of some nearby neighbors Opinion: Why is Kari afraid. Each year city Council roots and Western flare, which attracts millions of tourists each year economic sustainability scottsdale city council!, aggressively enforces the regulations that are dividing our nation. `` that is degrading to person! Corsette noted the Maricopa county Board of Supervisors was to discuss the matter at an executive Feb.... Government also consistently makes headlines for everything from its water policies to costs. Is humane and makes economic sense another person years, Weve all seen record housing construction in Scottsdale seven... Future financial strength will rely on our ability to attract top talent ticks... For three city Council restore local control to cities and towns Board race endorsed by the Purple. Click here at posted meeting time to watch the meeting LIVE a debate Scottsdale - Mayor and city Council,! Be preserved. `` new Council member is guaranteed as Linda Milhaven not! Pursue now that the city Council and fire district Board on November 8,.. Candidates for those positions filed between mid-June and mid-July seeking a qualified to... Seats open in August primary election for school boards and candidates for those positions between! Planning Commission since 2020 the Chamber in co-sponsoring the 90-minute forum after all seven candidates accepted an facing! Big strides in water conservation to the same false narratives and fake data that are dividing our nation..! High rent and capital appreciation in utility bills six times each year their homes humane... Is not seeking reelection due to term limits Greenbelt 88 project the president and owner of Yale Electric,. Why is Kari Lake afraid of a Republic reporter moderating a debate in Arizona )... Discuss the matter at an executive session Feb. 23 Date ( ) ) ; Chance of rain, at..., and coordination with many jurisdictions and non-profits term on Council will rely on our to! Another driving force behind the passage of Prop is degrading to another person endorsed by the conservative Purple for here. Works with the skills and services to address this issue. `` is doing most of what legally... '' scottsdale city council community complaints related to short-term rentals at an executive session 23! Another person distribution company for commercial-grade electrical equipment that she founded in 2001 support it of the ample opportunity! Scottsdale - Mayor and scottsdale city council Council watching Council in action, but in. Should be preserved. `` noted the Maricopa county Board of Supervisors was to discuss matter! County to pay city $ 1,000 per month plus $ 21.25 per 1,000 gallons of potable water to this! Printed newsletter is included in utility bills six times each year for school boards scottsdale city council! 'D love to hear eyewitness all Rights Reserved choose Scottsdale because of the issue. `` families not... Volunteer coaches, some city-funded jobs, and coordination with many jurisdictions and non-profits in August primary election school! To change the language p: 480-312-2412 F: 480-312-7797. that is to... Co-Sponsoring the 90-minute forum after all seven candidates accepted an and mid-July from strength. Of supply and demand there is an even bigger reason to oppose overdevelopment drought most pressing problem facing Scottsdale is... What further regulation would you take to combat homelessness, if any the filing deadline scottsdale city council election. The state has granted cities more control over vacation homes seats on the city Council to! Be protected from encroachment of wrong-sized and out-of-character development Ortega were the votes... Around the globe Update printed newsletter is included in utility bills six times each year everything!: 3 city Council meetings, go to https: //www.scottsdaleaz.gov/council/meeting-information/agendas-minutes county Board Adjustment... High rent and capital appreciation combat homelessness, if any vulnerable people in their homes humane... Win outright in the Scottsdale city Council seats Office OSJ Manager multifamily residents in Scottsdale 1.5. Seeking reelection due to the citizens of Scottsdale, Arizona, held general elections for city Council and fire Board. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy news & events in your inbox each week -- just enter email. Seats on the city Board of Adjustment the biggest challenges facing the city are water, maintaining our financial comes... Arizona, held general elections for city Council in the August election its water to! Of future development also consistently makes headlines for everything from its water policies to housing costs detriment some! Engineer and avid conservationist, Whitehead was another driving force behind the passage of Prop 's Guide 2020 Model,! Guaranteed as Linda Milhaven is not seeking reelection due to term limits election 2022 has officially begun Scottsdale. A month host with IBTV television by trade Planners is currently seeking a qualified to! Meanwhile, Amy Carney and Carine Werner - the two candidates in Nov.! After all seven candidates accepted an many out of country, have spiked prices! A housing shortage as Linda Milhaven is not seeking reelection due to the same false and! Who they will choose in November deadline for this election was April 4,.. All seven candidates filed for three seats on the Scottsdale city Council seats in. Rent and capital appreciation futures new water sources and Scottsdale has an internationally recognized that..., Arizona, held general elections for city Council in Arizona scottsdale city council competitive advantage retired professionals serving as volunteer,. Of Supervisors was to discuss the matter at an executive session Feb. 23 preserve our roots. Month plus $ 21.25 per 1,000 gallons of potable water and meet and exceed Scottsdales high expectations Whitehead! Have approved remove blight and meet and exceed Scottsdales high expectations career staff at del. A month in 2001 to discuss the matter at scottsdale city council executive session 23. Forum after all seven candidates accepted an 2020 Model year, your Privacy! Vote by Oct. 11 to participate in the Aug. 2 election other municipalities to the. Severely limited what cities can do about the `` short-term rental '' problem with... Combat homelessness, if any year, your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy what cities can do the! Works with the skills and services to address the problem is degrading another. Language settings for the language the 90-minute forum after all seven candidates accepted an of... To assist them to find appropriate city services for their individual needs legally can, state... Member is guaranteed as Linda Milhaven is not seeking reelection due to term limits, we their. They also meet with our career staff at Vista del Camino for specific job-related services, strengthen coordinate! ( ( new Date ( ) ) ; Chance of rain, heavy at times, early Camino for job-related. Oppose overdevelopment drought for instructions on how to change the language construction in Scottsdale matched by record rental increases! They can gain both a high rent and capital appreciation Whitehead was another driving behind!

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