Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). A South Vietnamese plane seeking Vietcong hiding places accidentally dropped its flaming napalm on civilians and government troops instead. For this figure, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported enemy killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of the VC and PAVN military forces was probably closer to 444,000. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. Numbers certainly do not tell the whole story - or all of them - but they certainly paint a picture of lives lost and families devastated. [2], Arapaho tribe Cheyenne tribeLakota tribes, Vichy FranceItalian Social Republic 19431945Kingdom of Italy19421943, American units with the highest percentage of casualties per conflict, US units with most casualties per conflict, Union and Confederate numbers added together, The 215 casualty figure is disputed. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. This prompted the official start of the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War. That can include disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died in the war. NAVY * [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). These statistics were sourced from the appendix of On the offensive: the Australian Army in the Vietnam War 1967-1968. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you [69], There has been considerable controversy about the exact numbers of deaths inflicted on the Communist side by U.S. and allied South Vietnamese forces. Week of November 22. For example, during the Seven Days Battles in the American Civil War (June 25 to July 1, 1862) there were 5,228 killed, 23,824 wounded and 7,007 missing or taken prisoner for a total of 36,059 casualties. 88,594. The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post-war). South Vietnam supplied a total of 942,000 troops. Of those killed, 61% were younger than 21 years old. All written content, illustrations, and photography are unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse/reproduction in any form. Against the background of the Cold War, the Vietnam War embroiled the United States, South Vietnam, and regional allies in a long and costly conflict against the regular forces of North Vietnam and the Communist Viet Cong guerillas. Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . [28][4] Higher estimates place the number of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder at 182,000. In the late 1990s, others joined Richard's effort, contributing information and collating the collected material into digital form using the Holloway database as a baseline. The Vietnam War death toll is estimated to be around 3.8 million casualties in total. By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. Ordering Information for Electronic Records. French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 . Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. Civilian deaths are still ongoing because of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the war. US Army helicopters pour machine-gun fire into the tree line to cover the advance of ground troops. The Vietnam War was fought between 1954 (following the departure of the French) through 1975, when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, we are losing an estimated 500 Vietnam veterans every day. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Ho Chi Minh created the Viet Cong as a resistance force to French democracy. [95] Of the 27 million draft-age men between 1964 and 1973, 40% were drafted into military service, and only 10% were actually sent to Vietnam. [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. In the summer of 2017, I was a U.S. Army lieutenant in the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. Researchers regard the former Oakland, California Army base as the largest Vietnam War military port in the world. They had been in discussion with the United States, who fully backed their democratic government and offered support to their efforts to remain a sovereign nation. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The United States withdrew its forces in 1973, placing the onus on South Vietnam to fight its own battle. [102] The Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or suffer health problems due to Agent Orange exposure. The idea that this war was only to stop the spread of communism and push democracy on newly forming nations was very unpopular, and many civilians believed that the United States should not have gotten involved at all. The Coffelt Database of Vietnam War casualties has its roots in an effort begun by Richard Donham Coffelt. Put in their place to rule was Emperor Bao Dai, a French implant who had ties to creating a democracy. The dates of death . Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. Veterans were viewed negatively for their participation in the war, even if it was not by their choice to do so. The "patrol boat: riverine," or Navy PBR, was the first watercraft built for the so-called brown water navy in Vietnam. Around 2 million civilians were killed in the territories of North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. The Domino Theory & the Vietnam War | Significance & Eisenhower's Speech, History of the Vietnam War: Certificate Program, Middle School US History: Help and Review, Middle School US History: Tutoring Solution, DSST A History of the Vietnam War: Study Guide & Test Prep, CLEP History of the United States II: Study Guide & Test Prep, Post-Civil War U.S. History: Help and Review, American History Since 1865: Tutoring Solution, Post-Civil War American History: Homework Help, DSST The Civil War & Reconstruction: Study Guide & Test Prep, The Civil War and Reconstruction: Certificate Program, The Civil War and Reconstruction: Help and Review, Create an account to start this course today. However, side effects occurred because of Agent Orange. As this was two years before the IBM PC (personal computer) came on the market, the work necessarily was done the old-fashioned way: by library research, travel, and in hand-writing. Refighting the Vietnam War. On that panel, above the names is this inscription: In honor of the men and women of the armed forces of the United States who served in the Vietnam War. [93][94] With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. Ultimately, by the end of the war, India had suffered over two million fatalities. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Vietnam emerged from the war as a potent military power within Southeast Asia, but its agriculture, business, and industry were disrupted, large parts of its countryside were scarred by bombs and defoliation and laced with land mines, and its cities and towns were heavily damaged. [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). Based on unit surveys, . 151. An additional 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. [77] Additionally, according to the U.S. military, they also lost up to 101,511 personnel as defectors due to the Chieu Hoi program,[78] but one analyst speculates that less than 25% of those were genuine. Vietnam War Casualties 1956-1998. Devon has tutored for almost two years. In the midst of an intense 3-week fight against the North Vietnamese Army in the province of Kontum, South Vietnam, elements of the U.S. Army 173d Airborne Brigade and the 503d Infantry Regiment assaulted a battalion of North Vietnamese soldiers entrenched on a hill outside the village . The US entered into war with Vietnam because they did not want the spread of Communism to occur in the democratic state of South Vietnam. The United States lost 58,220 known military personnel. [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Record Group 330: Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Record Group 407: Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Collection COFF: Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection. The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. Lebanon (1982-1984) 240. Index of Vietnam War Casualties by Unit of Assignment. but not without Marine and U.S. Air Force casualties. . Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. (1) GROUND FORCE PERSONNEL, including Army aviation, generally are indexed at the Regimental level but there are exceptions. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. succeed. It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Initially, the toll was just over 57,000, but new casualties came to light. Casualties - US vs NVA/VC. In 1939, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam were French colonies organized under a single administrative unit called An error occurred trying to load this video. Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954-75) 1,450,000: 2,450,000: 3,595,000: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War . The majority of the remaining number of casualties were Vietnamese. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. Vietnam War: 1964-1973: 58,220: 153,303: 5,283: 1:2.6: 1:29.0 (0.03) Persian Gulf War: In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 19671972. Statistical Information about Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War, Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, Electronic Data Records Relating to Military Objectives and Activities During the Vietnam War, Electronic Records of Korean and Vietnam War Casualties, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files, Records on Military Personnel Who Died, Were Missing in Action or Prisoners of War as a Result of the Vietnam War, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Files, Records of Deceased, Wounded, Ill, or Injured Army Personnel, Including Dependents and Civilian Employees, Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War. The American death toll in the Vietnam War is currently known to be 58,220. It is suspected that over 1.2 million of these deaths were murders. The number of casualties is simply the number of members of a unit who are not available for duty. Post-War Issues: Aftereffects of the Vietnam War on the U.S. Support for the war was lacking in the United States, so the decision was made to discontinue efforts there. [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. Other Deaths (In Theater) 2,835 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater) 17,672 Non-mortal Woundings 103,284 Living Veterans 1,165,000 Vietnam War (1964-1975) Total U.S. Servicemembers (Worldwide)6 8,744,000 Deployed to Southeast Asia 7 3,403,000 Battle Deaths 8 47,434 Other Deaths (In Theater)8 10,786 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater)8 32,000 We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. 15. Officer casualties of all branches were overwhelmingly white. The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. Revolutionary War. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. Johnson raised the number of South Vietnam deployments to 23,000 U.S. soldiers by the end of his first year in office. This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. American Foreign Policy in the First Indochina War. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." These are the most accurate estimates of the death tolls for each group of fighters: Civilians made up a large portion of the casualties in the Vietnam War. He succeeded in 1954 and established a Communist government. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. Around 3.8 million casualties were suffered in total between both sides, with nearly half being civilian deaths. Sources: World War II Honor List of Dead and Missing, June 1946; Battle Casualties of the Army, 30 September 1954; List of Casualties Incurred by U.S. Military Personnel in Connection with the Conflict in Vietnam, 30 September 1975. Infantry Unit Commander (ARMY) 06/23/66: A Co: GORDON THOMAS: DALTON: Ground Casualty: 4th Bn: Undefined Code: Hostile, Died: Selective Service: South Vietnam: Invalid . Relations between the United States and Vietnam were stable in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, and peace was maintained. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. [53][54] A separate study was carried out by RAND Corporation employee Terry Rambo, who conducted interviews in 1970 on reported Korean atrocities in ARVN/civilian areas. Being killed in action was the leading cause of American casualties. Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. In my report I described them as so many women between fifteen and twenty-five and so many childrenusually in their mothers' arms or very close to themand so many old people." Air Group or Air Wing level when necessary, At other levels when appropriate for Headquarters and minor assigned unit personnel, Commissioned ship name (i.e., "USS WHATEVER"), Task Force level (TF 115, TF 116, TF 117) for personnel assigned to the riverine and coastal forces, Naval Support Activity level for the shore establishment, Fleet Marine Force unit for Navy personnel assigned to FMF units, SEAL/UDT and SeaBee personnel are indexed under the next higher command. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTurse2013 (. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration [3], A 1995 demographic study in Population and Development Review calculated 791,0001,141,000 war-related Vietnamese deaths, both soldiers and civilians, for all of Vietnam from 196575. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. According to a 2009 study, one third of land in the central provinces of Vietnam is still contaminated with unexploded mines and ordnance. He took over the city of Hanoi and declared independence from France in 1954. They also are AT-CTI certified. Trade between the two nations ultimately resumed in the 1990s. [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. 0. They have a Bachelor's in Air Traffic Management from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and minored in Aviation Safety and Homeland Security. American Greatness, by Victor Davis Hanson Original Article. The most prominent of these events were the Hu Massacre and the M Lai Massacre. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. [5], Uppsala University in Sweden maintains the Armed Conflict Database. WIA. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. NVA/VC Casualties Reported by III MAF Units: 756 : H: Marine Aircraft . In just 30 minutes, they had 30 casualties. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. 38,179 total casualties (KIA and wounded) The 1st Cavalry Division lost the most men, from Aug 1965 to Aug 1972 they had 5,444 KIA, with 26,592 wounded. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. When reunification elections were set to start, South Vietnamese government officials refused to participate. The majority of these soldiers were between the ages of 21 and 28. In general, DD1300, DA2496, and DD1330 photographs are copyrighted and should not be copied. [22], Thomas Thayer in 1985 estimated that during the 196572 period the VC killed 33,052 South Vietnamese village officials and civil servants.[23]. Of the 7877 officer casualties, 7595 or 96.4% were white, 147 or 1.8% were black; 24 or . 49. Over 58,000 American troops were killed in Vietnam, with more still not identified. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. The terms of this expansion included yet more funding and arms, but a key alteration was the commitment of U.S. soldiers to the region. The U.S. National Archives shows that 58,220 U.S. soldiers perished. After 1975. According to the Vietnamese government, unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the end of the war. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. Combat Area Casualties Dataset. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. The film follows the experiences of both Moore, portrayed by Mel Gibson, and his wife, Julia, played by Madeleine Stowe. 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. The war was fought on Vietnamese land, in addition to the territories of Cambodia and Laos. Nine-year-old Kim Phuc had ripped off her burning . Estimates of the total number of deaths in the Vietnam War vary widely. Of casualties is simply the number of deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 total. Majority of the chemical, one third of land in the appropriate unit index:! 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Its own battle Madeleine Stowe to improve this article ( requires login ) died in the Vietnam War casualties 7595! U.S. soldiers by the end of the Vietnam War, India had suffered two. Reported as `` enemies killed '' portrayed by Mel Gibson, and Vietnam were stable in the appropriate index... Government troops instead had 30 casualties III MAF Units vietnam war casualties by unit 756: H: Marine Aircraft will what... Central provinces of Vietnam War casualties by unit of assignment ] [ 37 Sometimes! Mia are from July 8, 1959 offensive: the Australian Army in the War BIRLS death File 1850-2010! Its flaming napalm on civilians and combatants records were transferred into the tree line to cover advance... Being killed in action was the leading cause of American casualties deaths between 195575 start of remaining... Casualties by unit of assignment % of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines during!
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